2024/04/19 BRCA1和BRCA2,揭開癌症風險之謎
DNA的片段包含外顯子 (Exon)、內含子 (Intron)、未轉譯區域(Untranslated Region,UTR) 和編碼序列 (Coding DNA Sequence,CDS) (圖二)。而大片段重排 (Large Genomic Rearrangement,LGR) 通常涉及外顯子的insertions和/或deletions,是 BRCA1和 BRCA2 常見變異的類型。LGR 通常是致病性的,很難檢測到,即使使用 PCR 和 NGS 檢測也是一種挑戰。 然而,準確檢測 BRCA1 或 BRCA2 致病變異在疾病管理中非常重要,特別是對於患者是否有考慮接受PARP抑製劑治療。

為了幫助臨床實驗室開發、驗證和常規評估 NGS 檢測,LGC Clinical Diagnostics 創建了包含 20 種致病性 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 變異的新型參考材料,包括 11 種外顯子的重新排列, 包含10種 BRCA1和 BRCA2 變異。 變異的大小範圍從核苷酸位點突變 (Single Nucleotide Variant,SNV) 到超過 500 bp 的insertions 和/或 deletions,涵蓋 missense, nonsense, frameshift, stop-gain/loss, splice-site, and insertion/deletion 等等從而產生多種多樣胺基酸的改變。

這些產品使用 LGC Clinical Diagnostics 成熟的創新技術和專業知識開發,將 BRCA 變體混合在臨床相關等位基因的 GM24385 基因組背景中,這些等位基因已通過PCR 精確定量與 NGS 進一步分析。 (圖三)
BRCA1 和 BRCA2 基因檢測在評估乳腺、卵巢、胰臟和前列腺等癌症風險方面具有重要意義,而大片段重排是一種常見變異準確檢測面臨挑戰。精確檢測致病變異是必不可少的,因為這有助於制定更有效的治療和預防策略,並為患者提供更好的醫療照護。

(圖三, 相關 BRCA1/2產品列表)
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